What is Qada & Qadar? Can we change them?

Our Prophet ‘sall-Allâhu ’alaihi wa sallam’ stated: “A person commits all through his life-time the sins that will lead him to Hell-fire. Performing the good deeds that will lead him to Paradise during the final days of his life, this very person goes to Paradise.” Whence does this sinning scholar infer that it is Allah’s knowledge that he will go on living in this manner and his life-time will be completed as such, so that he thinks he has to commit sins until his last breath and gives up hope of becoming good? It is a frequent event that many stubborn, excessive disbelievers have come round to having îmân towards their final days in this world. Why does he not give a share to the possibility that he, too, will correct himself in the same manner? Why does he not convert to being good? Has he been informed that he will sin till his death? None can tell that it is Allâhu ta’âlâ’s knowledge that even a certain disbeliever will remain a disbeliever eternally. Also, it is wrong to say that the disbelievers described in the Qur’ânal-kerîm are compelled to bear disbelief or that to invite them to îmân would mean to ask them to do what is not within their power. For, knowledge is dependent upon the known. Allâhu ta’âlâ knows the things that will happen because they will happen. And the things communicated in the Qur’ân al-kerîm are communicated because they will happen. 

A painter’s painting a horse is because the horse has that shape. The horse’s having that shape is not because the painter paints it in that shape. 

Allâhu ta’âlâ’s knowing that some people will not have îmân and His communicating it in the Qur’ân al-kerîm is because they intend to remain in disbelief of their own accord and do not want to have îmân. Their being disbelievers is not because Allâhu ta’âlâ knows and declares them as disbelievers. If they remained disbelievers because Allâhu ta’âlâ knew it, Allâhu ta’âlâ would not have will or option in His own creating, either, and He would be compelled. For, He knew in eternity what He would create, too. Then, they become disbelievers with their own options and wills. They do not have to become disbelievers because Allâhu ta’âlâ knew in eternity and stated His knowledge. So, to invite them to îmân does not mean to ask for something impossible. Believing in the Qur’ân as a whole is sufficient. We are not asked to have îmân in each part separately; then it is not necessary for those disbelievers who are described in the Qur’ân al-kerîm to believe in their own disbelief.

Mûsâ ‘’alaihissalâm’ said to Âdam ‘’alaihissalâm’, ‘Allâhu ta’âlâ created you with His might. He gave you from His own spirit. He made angels prostrate themselves before you. He put you into Paradise. And then men were evicted from Paradise because of you.’ In response, Âdam ‘’alaihissalâm’ asked, ‘Allâhu ta’âlâ made you a Prophet. He sent you the Tawrât in sheets and informed you about everything. When was the Tawrât written on those sheets?’ ‘Before He created you,’ was the answer. Upon this Hadrat Âdam asked again, ‘Was it written in the Tawrât that I would make a mistake and then would be taken out of Paradise?’ ‘Yes,’ the latter said. Then Hadrat Âdam said, ‘Then, I did what Allâhu ta’âlâ had written in His Book.’ ... Âdam ‘’alaihissalâm’ meant to say, “Since you have read in the Tawrât that Allâhu ta’âlâ knew in eternity that I would wish and will to commit the deed, and since you know about the numerous benefits that will arise from committing it, it is not worthy of you to blame me.” Allâhu ta’âlâ knows the truth of everything.
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Qada & Qadar
Part of a pamphlet written by Abussu’ûd Efendi ‘rahmatullâhi ta’âlâ ’alaih’.
(Seâdet-i Ebediyye Endless Bliss Third Fascicle -http://www.hakikatkitabevi.net/book.php?bookCode=027 page 228)